Volkswagen VW TDI diesel (2.0L four and 3.0L V6): years, specs & known problems

By CarWhere Research · Updated

VW TDI is Volkswagen's turbodiesel. In the US it meant the 2.0L four in the 2009–2015 Jetta, Golf, Beetle, Passat and Audi A3 (140 hp, then 150 hp for 2015) and the 3.0L V6 in the 2009–2016 Touareg. All were covered by the EPA defeat-device case, and EPA and CARB later approved emissions fixes.

The 2.0L TDI is a 1,968 cc turbocharged four-cylinder diesel. EPA test records rate it at 140 hp for model years 2009–2014 and 150 hp for 2015, when new engine codes (CVCA and CRUA) arrived. It was offered with a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automatic, which EPA lists as an automated manual (DSG) from 2013. The 3.0L V6 TDI was the Touareg's diesel option from 2009 through 2016.

On September 18, 2015, EPA issued a notice of violation alleging that 2009–2015 2.0L TDI cars carried software that switched full emissions controls on only during testing. A second notice followed in November 2015 for 3.0L diesels. The 2016 court settlements required Volkswagen to offer buybacks or lease terminations and, once EPA and CARB approved them, emissions modifications (the “AEM” or fix). Approvals came between January 2017 and July 2018. Modified cars carry an extended emissions warranty that VW says transfers to later owners. The 2.0L claims program closed on December 30, 2018, so for a used buyer what matters now is whether a car's fix was done. One caveat: a 2012–2014 manual-transmission Passat TDI never got an approved fix, because VW withdrew that application.

VW TDI diesel (2.0L four and 3.0L V6) at a glance

Volkswagen TDI turbodiesels sold in the US: 2.0L four-cylinder (2009–2015) and 3.0L V6 in the Touareg (2009–2016): model years, fuel and peak Volkswagen-published output by version
EngineModel yearsFuelPeak hpPeak torque (lb-ft)Documented problemsRecalls
2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A32009–2014Diesel140—11
2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp)2012–2014Diesel140—13
2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp)2015Diesel150—10
2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg)2009–2016Diesel240—10

CarWhere lists 4 documented problems and 4 NHTSA recalls for the VW TDI diesel (2.0L four and 3.0L V6), each with a source.

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3

This is the 2.0L TDI in the Jetta, Jetta SportWagen, Golf, Beetle and Audi A3. EPA test records rate it at 140 hp. EPA and CARB approved its emissions fix on July 27, 2017. The fix replaced the software and the NOx catalyst, plus some other hardware on 2009 cars.

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3 specifications

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3: design facts (2009–2014)
SpecificationValue
Displacement1,968 cc (1.968 L) turbodiesel four[2]
EPA engine codesCBEA (2009 Jetta and Jetta SportWagen), CJAA (2010–2014 Jetta, Golf, Beetle, Audi A3)[3]
Transmissions (EPA)6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic; EPA lists the automatic as “Automatic (S6)” through 2012 and “Automatic (AM-S6)” for 2013–2014[4]
EPA rating, 2009 Jetta TDI automatic29 city / 37 hwy / 32 combined mpg[5]
EPA rating, 2013 Jetta TDI DSG29 city / 37 hwy / 32 combined mpg[6]
Emissions fix approvedJuly 27, 2017 (EPA and CARB): new software plus a new NOx catalyst; 2009 models also get other emission hardware[7]
Fix hardware on 2009 cars (VW)NOx reduction catalyst, plus glow plug control module and diesel particulate filter[8]
Fuel economy after the fix (VW, automatic)Down by up to 2 mpg, depending on driving style[8]
Extended emissions warranty after the fixGreater of 10 years/120,000 miles from original in-service date or 4 years/48,000 miles from the modification; fully transferable[8]
Safety recall (NHTSA)11V490: No. 2 fuel injector line can crack and leak (2009–2012 Jetta and Jetta SportWagen; 2010–2012 Golf and Audi A3)[9]

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3 horsepower and torque by year

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3: Volkswagen-published horsepower (hp) and torque (lb-ft) by model year and application
Model yearsApplicationHorsepower (hp)Torque (lb-ft)Source
2009Jetta and Jetta SportWagen TDIEPA rated horsepower; torque not published in the EPA record140—[1]
2010Golf and Jetta TDI140—[2]
2013Beetle, Golf and Jetta TDI140—[3]

"—" means we could not confirm the figure from a primary source.

Which vehicles have the 2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3?

Models and model years offered with the 2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3
ModelModel yearsNotes
Jetta2009–20142015 Jetta TDI is Generation 3
Jetta SportWagen2009–2014
Golf2010–2014
Beetle and Beetle Convertible2013–2014
Audi A3 TDI2010–2013EPA has no 2014 A3 diesel listing

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3 problems and what to check

Emissions defeat-device software and the approved fix (2009–2014)

Major repair

EPA found these cars ran full emissions controls only during testing and emitted NOx at 10–40 times the standard in normal driving. The approved fix swaps the software and NOx catalyst, and VW says it can cut fuel economy by up to 2 mpg on automatic cars. An unmodified car may get parts of the fix installed later when emission parts are repaired.[10][7][8][11]

Symptoms

  • No drivability symptom on an unmodified car; the issue is emissions software
  • After the fix: possible small fuel-economy drop

Check before buying

  • Enter the VIN in Volkswagen's recall look-up, which the settlement program site says shows whether the approved emissions modification was completed and the terms of any extended emissions warranty
  • Look under the hood for the two labels VW installs after the fix: an emissions modification completion label and an updated Vehicle Emissions Compliance Information (VECI) label
  • Ask the seller for the dealer repair order for the emissions modification (and, on a 2015 car, both Phase 1 and Phase 2)

Program: 2016 court-approved settlement: buyback, lease termination or EPA/CARB-approved emissions modification at no cost, plus an extended emissions warranty on modified cars. The 2.0L claims program ended December 30, 2018.

2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3 recalls

NHTSA safety recalls related to the 2009–2014 2.0L TDI, “Generation 1” (140 hp): Jetta, Golf, Beetle, A3 (campaign numbers link to NHTSA)
NHTSA campaignReportedVehiclesSummary
11V4902011-10-032009–2012 Jetta and Jetta SportWagen, 2010–2012 Golf, 2010–2012 Audi A3 with the 2.0L TDI168,275 vehiclesFuel-injection pulses can match the natural frequency of the No. 2 injector line, which can crack and leak diesel, creating a fire risk. Dealers fit an improved No. 2 line and vibration dampers on all injector lines, free of charge.

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp)

This is the 2012–2014 Passat's 2.0L TDI, engine code CKRA, which EPA test records rate at 140 hp. It came with a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed DSG. The automatic-transmission fix, approved May 19, 2017, is software only. No fix was ever approved for manual-transmission cars, so those were handled through buybacks.

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp) specifications

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp): design facts (2012–2014)
SpecificationValue
EPA engine codeCKRA, 1,968 cc[12]
Transmissions6-speed manual or 6-speed DSG (NHTSA recall 17V309 describes 2012–2014 diesel Passats with Direct-Shift Transmissions)[13]
EPA rating, 2012 Passat TDI automatic30 city / 40 hwy / 34 combined mpg[14]
Emissions fix, automaticApproved May 19, 2017; software-only change[15]
Fuel economy after the fix (VW, automatic)Label unchanged; real-world mpg may drop by up to 1 mpg[16]
Emissions fix, manualDisapproved by EPA and CARB on Sept. 7, 2017 after failing emissions tests; VW then withdrew the application[17]
Extended emissions warranty after the fixGreater of 10 years/120,000 miles from original in-service date or 4 years/48,000 miles from the modification[16]
Safety recall (NHTSA)12V146: diesel fuel filter element may not seal (some 2012 Passats)[18]
Safety recall (NHTSA)16V171: underbody sensor connector can corrode and overheat (2012–2014 Passat TDI)[19]

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp) horsepower and torque by year

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp): Volkswagen-published horsepower (hp) and torque (lb-ft) by model year and application
Model yearsApplicationHorsepower (hp)Torque (lb-ft)Source
2012Passat TDI140—[12]
2013Passat TDI140—[3]

"—" means we could not confirm the figure from a primary source.

Which vehicles have the 2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp)?

Models and model years offered with the 2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp)
ModelModel yearsNotes
Passat TDI (automatic)2012–2014Software fix approved
Passat TDI (6-speed manual)2012–2014No approved fix; settlement offered buyback or lease termination

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp) problems and what to check

Emissions defeat-device software; no approved fix for manual Passats (2012–2014)

Major repair

Automatic Passat TDIs could get the software-only fix. For manuals, EPA and CARB rejected VW's proposed fix after it failed emissions tests, and VW withdrew its application. EPA says VW may resell bought-back cars only after an approved emissions modification, so manual Passats bought back without one could not be resold.[15][20][21][17][11]

Symptoms

  • No drivability symptom; the issue is emissions software

Check before buying

  • Enter the VIN in Volkswagen's recall look-up, which the settlement program site says shows whether the approved emissions modification was completed and the terms of any extended emissions warranty
  • Look under the hood for the two labels VW installs after the fix: an emissions modification completion label and an updated Vehicle Emissions Compliance Information (VECI) label
  • On a manual-transmission 2012–2014 Passat TDI, note that no approved emissions modification exists; check the car's settlement status with the VIN look-up

Program: 2016 settlement: buyback or lease termination for all; the software fix was added for automatics in May 2017. The 2.0L claims program ended December 30, 2018.

2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp) recalls

NHTSA safety recalls related to the 2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI, “Generation 2” (140 hp) (campaign numbers link to NHTSA)
NHTSA campaignReportedVehiclesSummary
12V1462012-04-052012 Passat built Jan. 18–June 1, 2011153 vehiclesThe diesel fuel filter element may not seal correctly and can leak fuel over time, a fire risk. Dealers replace the filter element free of charge.
16V1712016-03-242012–2014 Passat with TDI engines91,442 vehiclesPoorly assembled wire seals let water into an underbody sensor connector, which can corrode, short and overheat. Dealers inspect and replace the connector as needed, free of charge.
17V3092017-05-112012–2014 Passat with diesel engines and DSG84,262 vehiclesThe underbody heat shield may be too short to protect the right half-shaft grease boot; leaking grease on the exhaust or diesel particulate filter is a fire risk. Dealers replace the driveshaft heat shield free of charge.

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp)

This is the final US 2.0L TDI, sold for 2015 in seven Volkswagen and Audi models. EPA rates it at 150 hp. Its fix came in two phases: software from January 2017, then new exhaust hardware approved in April 2018. Owners who chose the fix were expected to complete both.

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp) specifications

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp): design facts (2015)
SpecificationValue
Engine codes (VW)CVCA (Beetle, Beetle Convertible, Jetta, Passat); CRUA (Golf, Golf SportWagen)[23]
Displacement1,968 cc (1.968 L)[22]
Transmissions (EPA)6-speed manual or Automatic (AM-S6) dual-clutch[4]
EPA rating, 2015 Jetta TDI DSG31 city / 43 hwy / 35 combined mpg[24]
Fix, Phase 1Approved Jan. 6, 2017: replacement emission-control software (about one hour)[23]
Fix, Phase 2Approved April 18, 2018: new diesel particulate filter, oxidation catalyst and SCR converter, a second NOx sensor and software (VW recall 23Y8)[25]
DEF use after the fix (VW)No change for some drivers; 1%–14% more diesel exhaust fluid on average for others[23]
Extended emissions warranty after the fixGreater of 11 years/162,000 miles from original in-service date or 5 years/60,000 miles from Phase 1 (renewed for 5 years/60,000 miles from Phase 2); fully transferable[23]
Emissions after the fixReduced, but still above the standard the car was originally certified to[23]

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp) horsepower and torque by year

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp): Volkswagen-published horsepower (hp) and torque (lb-ft) by model year and application
Model yearsApplicationHorsepower (hp)Torque (lb-ft)Source
2015Beetle, Golf and Jetta TDIEPA rated horsepower150—[22]

"—" means we could not confirm the figure from a primary source.

Which vehicles have the 2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp)?

Models and model years offered with the 2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp)
ModelModel yearsNotes
Jetta2015
Golf2015
Golf SportWagen2015
Beetle and Beetle Convertible2015
Passat2015
Audi A3 TDI2015

2015 2.0L TDI, “Generation 3” (150 hp) problems and what to check

Emissions defeat-device software and the two-phase fix (2015)

Major repair

These cars fell under the same EPA violation as earlier 2.0L TDIs. EPA says both phases of the fix are needed for the emission controls to work properly over the car's full useful life. VW says Phase 2 adds new exhaust after-treatment parts and that diesel exhaust fluid use may rise afterward.[21][26][23][25]

Symptoms

  • No drivability symptom; the issue is emissions software
  • After the fix: diesel exhaust fluid may need refilling more often

Check before buying

  • Enter the VIN in Volkswagen's recall look-up, which the settlement program site says shows whether the approved emissions modification was completed and the terms of any extended emissions warranty
  • Look under the hood for the two labels VW installs after the fix: an emissions modification completion label and an updated Vehicle Emissions Compliance Information (VECI) label
  • Ask the seller for the dealer repair order for the emissions modification (and, on a 2015 car, both Phase 1 and Phase 2)

Program: 2016 settlement, Phase 1 (software, January 2017) and Phase 2 (hardware, April 2018) emissions modification with extended emissions warranty. The 2.0L claims program ended December 30, 2018.

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg)

The Touareg's 3.0L V6 turbodiesel. EPA test records show 225 hp in 2010 and 240 hp by 2016. It used a 6-speed automatic for 2009–2010 and an 8-speed automatic from 2011. Every US 3.0L TDI was part of the second EPA case, and approved fixes now cover all Touareg years.

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg) specifications

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg): design facts (2009–2016)
SpecificationValue
Layout3.0 L V6 turbodiesel, 4WD[4]
EPA engine codesCATA (2010), CNRB (2016)[27]
Transmissions (EPA)6-speed automatic (2009–2010); 8-speed automatic (2011–2016)[4]
EPA rating, 2009 Touareg TDI17 city / 24 hwy / 20 combined mpg[28]
EPA rating, 2016 Touareg TDI21 city / 28 hwy / 24 combined mpg[29]
Excess NOx (EPA)Up to nine times the standard[10]
Fix, 2009–2010 (Generation 1.1)Approved May 18, 2018[30]
Fix, 2011–2012 (Generation 1.2)Approved July 13, 2018[31]
Fix, 2013–2016 (Generations 2.1 and 2.2)Approved Oct. 20, 2017: software plus hardware for 2013–2014; software only for 2015–2016[32]

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg) horsepower and torque by year

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg): Volkswagen-published horsepower (hp) and torque (lb-ft) by model year and application
Model yearsApplicationHorsepower (hp)Torque (lb-ft)Source
2010Touareg TDIEPA rated horsepower (engine code CATA)225—[2]
2016Touareg TDIEPA rated horsepower (engine code CNRB)240—[27]

"—" means we could not confirm the figure from a primary source.

Which vehicles have the 2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg)?

Models and model years offered with the 2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg)
ModelModel yearsNotes
Touareg TDI2009–2016

2009–2016 3.0L V6 TDI (Touareg) problems and what to check

3.0L emissions defeat device and generation-specific fixes (2009–2016)

Major repair

In November 2015, VW told EPA that the defeat device had been in all of its US 3.0L diesels since 2009. The settlement first required recalls for 2013–2016 Touaregs and buybacks for 2009–2012. EPA and CARB later approved fixes for all generations, with the 2009–2012 fixes coming in 2018.[33][10][32][34]

Symptoms

  • No drivability symptom; the issue is emissions software

Check before buying

  • Enter the VIN in Volkswagen's recall look-up to confirm the approved emissions modification is complete
  • Ask for the dealer repair order for the 3.0L emissions modification

Program: 3.0L partial settlements (December 2016 onward). The 3.0L claims program has ended: Generation 1 remedies had to be completed by Sept. 30, 2019 and Generation 2 by May 30, 2020.

VW TDI diesel (2.0L four and 3.0L V6) issues by model

The same engine shows up on these known-issues pages, with model-specific details.

Related Volkswagen research

Confirm a car really has the VW TDI diesel (2.0L four and 3.0L V6).

The engine a Volkswagen left the factory with is part of its build record. The CarWhere Volkswagen build sheet reconstructs factory colors, options and packages from licensed VIN-level build data — availability is checked free, and it is $9.99 only when detailed build data is found for that VIN.

Volkswagen build sheet by VIN

Frequently asked questions

Which Volkswagen models had the 2.0L TDI?

EPA lists the 2009–2015 Jetta, 2009–2014 Jetta SportWagen, 2010–2015 Golf, 2015 Golf SportWagen, 2013–2015 Beetle and Beetle Convertible, 2012–2015 Passat and 2010–2015 Audi A3. The 3.0L V6 TDI was offered in the 2009–2016 Touareg.

What is the TDI emissions fix (AEM)?

AEM stands for approved emissions modification: a dealer-installed fix that EPA and CARB approved under the 2016 settlement. Depending on the generation, it replaces the defeat-device software and, on many cars, emission hardware such as the NOx catalyst or, for 2015 models, the particulate filter, oxidation catalyst and SCR converter.

How can I tell if a used TDI has had the fix?

The settlement program says Volkswagen's VIN recall look-up shows whether the approved emissions modification was completed and what extended warranty applies. VW also adds two under-hood labels after the fix: a modification completion label and an updated emissions (VECI) label.

Does the fix hurt fuel economy?

Volkswagen says 2009–2014 automatic cars can lose up to 2 mpg, and 2012–2014 automatic Passats up to 1 mpg in real-world driving, though the Passat's label figure is unchanged. For 2015 cars, VW expected no significant change in fuel consumption, but diesel exhaust fluid use can rise by 1%–14%.

Is the extended emissions warranty transferable?

Yes. VW's disclosure booklets say the extended emissions warranty is fully transferable to later owners. It runs 10 years/120,000 miles (2009–2014 cars) or 11 years/162,000 miles (2015 cars) from the original in-service date, or a set period after the fix, whichever is greater.

Can I still get a VW TDI buyback?

No. The 2.0L claims deadline was September 1, 2018, and remedies had to be completed by December 30, 2018. The 3.0L program has also ended, with final remedy deadlines in 2019 and 2020.

Sources

Ratings are Volkswagen-published figures as cited; descriptions are CarWhere’s own summaries of the sources below. Repair costs appear only where a source states them and vary by shop and region.

  1. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2009 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  2. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2010 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  3. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2013 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  4. EPA fuel economy data, all model years (Volkswagen engine and transmission listings) — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  5. EPA fuel economy: 2009 Volkswagen Jetta 2.0L diesel, 6-speed automatic — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  6. EPA fuel economy: 2013 Volkswagen Jetta 2.0L diesel, Auto(AM-S6) — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  7. EPA and CARB Approve Remedy to Reduce Excess NOx Emissions from “Generation 1” 2.0-Liter Diesel Vehicles (July 27, 2017) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  8. Important Information About Your 2009–2014 2.0L TDI (automatic transmission): emissions modification disclosure — Volkswagen of America (via vwcourtsettlement.com)
  9. Recall 11V490: Diesel Fuel Injection Lines — NHTSA (via data.transportation.gov recall dataset)
  10. Frequent Questions about Volkswagen Violations — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  11. 2.0L Diesel Emissions Settlement Program: deadlines, options and recall look-up — Volkswagen/Audi Diesel Emissions Settlement Program (vwcourtsettlement.com)
  12. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2012 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  13. Recall 17V309: Heat Shield not Long Enough to Prevent Damage — NHTSA (via data.transportation.gov recall dataset)
  14. EPA fuel economy: 2012 Volkswagen Passat 2.0L diesel, 6-speed automatic — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  15. EPA and CARB Approve Remedy for Automatic Transmission “Generation 2” 2.0-Liter Diesel Vehicles (May 19, 2017) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  16. Important Information About Your 2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI (automatic transmission): emissions modification disclosure — Volkswagen of America (via vwcourtsettlement.com)
  17. Withdrawal of Approved Emissions Modification Application, 2012–2014 Passat 2.0L TDI Manual Transmission — Volkswagen of America (via vwcourtsettlement.com)
  18. Recall 12V146: Diesel Fuel Filter Element — NHTSA (via data.transportation.gov recall dataset)
  19. Recall 16V171: Water Corrosion on Electrical Terminals — NHTSA (via data.transportation.gov recall dataset)
  20. EPA and CARB Disapprove Proposed Emissions Modification for 2012–2014 Manual Transmission Diesel Passat (Sept. 7, 2017) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  21. Volkswagen Clean Air Act Civil Settlement — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  22. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2015 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  23. Important Information About Your 2015 2.0L TDI Volkswagen Generation 3 Engine — Volkswagen of America (via vwcourtsettlement.com)
  24. EPA fuel economy: 2015 Volkswagen Jetta 2.0L diesel, Auto(AM-S6) — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  25. Emissions Recall 23Y8 – Emissions Modification Phase 2 notice, 2015 Volkswagen 2.0L TDI — Volkswagen of America (via vwcourtsettlement.com)
  26. EPA and CARB Approve Second Phase of Emissions Modifications for Model Year 2015 2.0 Liter Diesel Vehicles (April 18, 2018) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  27. EPA Fuel Economy Test Car List, model year 2016 (rated horsepower, engine codes) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  28. EPA fuel economy: 2009 Volkswagen Touareg 3.0L diesel — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  29. EPA fuel economy: 2016 Volkswagen Touareg 3.0L diesel — fueleconomy.gov (U.S. DOE / EPA)
  30. EPA and CARB Approve Emissions Modification for Generation 1.1 SUV of the 3.0 Liter Subject Vehicles (May 18, 2018) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  31. Emissions Modification for Generation 1.2 SUV of the 3.0 Liter Subject Vehicles (July 13, 2018) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  32. EPA and CARB Approve Emissions Fixes for Audi, Porsche and VW Diesel 3.0 Liter SUVs (Oct. 20, 2017) — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  33. Learn About Volkswagen Violations — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  34. Volkswagen/Audi/Porsche Diesel Emissions Settlement Program: official information site — Volkswagen/Audi Diesel Emissions Settlement Program (vwcourtsettlement.com)

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Independent reference compiled by CarWhere — not affiliated with or endorsed by Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. or Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen and the model names are trademarks of their owners.