- Verified buyer deal submissions (aggregates only)
- Car buyers submit their purchase quotes and signed deal sheets to CarWhere. Each submission is checked for a real vehicle, a plausible price and duplicates before it counts. Studies publish medians, shares and counts for groups that clear a minimum sample size; individual deal records, dealer identities tied to a buyer, and buyer information are never published or shared.
- NHTSA federal safety data
- Recall campaigns and owner complaints from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s public records. Complaints are owner reports that NHTSA does not verify.
- Federal government data
- Other federal public datasets: EPA fuel-economy figures, federal residential electricity prices and the federal consumer-complaint database. Each study names the dataset it uses.
- Automakers’ own published releases and offers
- Incentives, APR and lease offers copied from each automaker’s own offer pages, and US sales copied from each automaker’s own sales releases. The source URL and fetch date are kept for every row.
- Third-party published compilations
- A few studies use figures that another organization published or compiled, such as state insurance-expenditure averages or EV fee tables. CarWhere cites them on the study page and does not relicense them.
- Dealer listing data from licensed vehicle-data providers
- Some market studies use asking prices and inventory from dealer listings, supplied by licensed vehicle-data providers and published only as aggregates. These are advertised prices, not transaction prices, and are not available for republication.