Toyota Dynamic Force engines (A25A, M20A) engines by year

By CarWhere Research · Updated November 5, 2026

Dynamic Force is Toyota's name for its TNGA-era four-cylinder engines. In the US that means the 2.5L A25A, used in the Camry, RAV4 and Toyota's 2.5L hybrids since 2018, and the 2.0L M20A, used in the Corolla, Corolla Cross and Prius since 2019. Both pair long-stroke designs with D-4S injection.

Toyota announced the Dynamic Force name in December 2016 with the 2.5L engine and added the 2.0L in February 2018. Both use a stroke about 1.2 times the bore, D-4S direct and port injection and electric VVT-iE intake timing. Gas versions run a 13:1 compression ratio and hybrid versions 14:1, and Toyota rates their peak thermal efficiency at 40 and 41 percent.

The A25A displaces 2,487 cc (87.5 × 103.4 mm) and the M20A 1,986 cc (80.5 × 97.6 mm). Gas versions carry an FKS suffix and hybrid versions FXS. Toyota's turbocharged 2.4L T24A-FTS is listed separately, because its US materials do not describe it as a Dynamic Force engine.

Dynamic Force engines (A25A, M20A) generations compared

Dynamic Force engines (A25A, M20A) generations: model years, peak Toyota-published output and documented problems
Engine	Model years	Peak hp	Peak torque (lb-ft)	Documented problems	Recalls
2.5L Dynamic Force four (A25A-FKS / A25A-FXS)	2018–present · 2018–present	245	186	0	0
2.0L Dynamic Force four (M20A-FKS / M20A-FXS)	2019–present · 2023–present	196	151	0	0

2.5L Dynamic Force four (A25A-FKS / A25A-FXS)

The A25A is Toyota's 2,487 cc Dynamic Force four-cylinder, first used in the 2018 Camry. The gas A25A-FKS makes 203–206 hp in the Camry and RAV4. The hybrid A25A-FXS runs a 14:1 compression ratio and anchors Toyota's 2.5L hybrids, from 208 system hp in the 2018 Camry Hybrid to 245 hp in the Sienna.

2.5L Dynamic Force four (A25A-FKS / A25A-FXS) specs, problems and recalls

2.0L Dynamic Force four (M20A-FKS / M20A-FXS)

The M20A is Toyota's 1,986 cc Dynamic Force four-cylinder. The gas M20A-FKS arrived in the 2019 Corolla Hatchback and makes 169 hp and 151 lb-ft in the Corolla; the Corolla Cross version makes 169 hp. The hybrid M20A-FXS powers the 2023+ Prius at 194–196 system hp and the Corolla Cross Hybrid at 196 hp.

2.0L Dynamic Force four (M20A-FKS / M20A-FXS) specs, problems and recalls

Related Toyota research

Confirm which Dynamic Force engines (A25A, M20A) a car was built with.

The engine and transmission are part of the factory build record for the VIN. The CarWhere Toyota build sheet reconstructs factory colors, options and packages from licensed VIN-level build data — availability is checked free, and it is $9.99 only when detailed build data is found for that VIN.

Toyota build sheet by VIN

Frequently asked questions

What does Dynamic Force mean on a Toyota?

It is Toyota's name for the new line of TNGA-based gasoline engines announced in December 2016. They use high-speed combustion, a long stroke, D-4S injection and variable control systems to raise thermal efficiency to 40 percent (gas) and 41 percent (hybrid).

Which Toyota models use Dynamic Force engines?

The 2.5L A25A is in the Camry, RAV4, Highlander Hybrid, Sienna, Grand Highlander Hybrid and Crown. The 2.0L M20A is in the Corolla, Corolla Hatchback, Corolla Cross and the 2023+ Prius.

What do the FKS and FXS suffixes mean?

Toyota uses FKS for the gasoline versions (A25A-FKS, M20A-FKS) and FXS for the hybrid versions (A25A-FXS, M20A-FXS). The hybrid versions use a higher 14:1 compression ratio.

Is the 2.4L turbo a Dynamic Force engine?

CarWhere has not found a Toyota US source that calls the T24A-FTS a Dynamic Force engine. Toyota markets it as i-FORCE in the trucks and as the engine in Hybrid MAX, so it has its own page.

Sources

Figures come from the individual engine pages, each of which cites Toyota-published ratings and NHTSA records as listed below.

Ready for Launch: The All-New 2018 Toyota Camry — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
All-New 2019 Toyota RAV4 Breaks the Mold for the Segment It Created — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Clear-Cut Leader: The 2021 Toyota Camry Adds More Variants While Advancing Safety (July 15, 2020) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2020 Toyota Camry Warranty & Maintenance Guide — Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. (owner publications)
New 2.5-liter Direct-injection, Inline 4-cylinder Gasoline Engine (Dynamic Force Engine) — Toyota Motor Corporation (global.toyota)
Toyota Develops TNGA-based Powertrain Units (Dec. 6, 2016) — Toyota Motor Corporation (global.toyota)
2025 Toyota Camry HEV FWD LE, 2.5 L hybrid (fueleconomy.gov vehicle record) — U.S. EPA / DOE (fueleconomy.gov)
2026 Toyota RAV4, 2.5 L hybrid (fueleconomy.gov vehicle record) — U.S. EPA / DOE (fueleconomy.gov)
Toyota's Fourth Generation 2020 Highlander Redesigned from the Ground Up (Dec. 18, 2019) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2021 Toyota Sienna Hits Dealerships This November (Oct. 27, 2020) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2024 Toyota Grand Highlander Touches Down in Driveways This Summer (May 30, 2023) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Toyota Camry Goes Exclusively Hybrid Plus a New Look and More Technology — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
The Next Adventure Begins: 2026 RAV4 Arrives this Winter (Oct. 22, 2025) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Toyota Highlander Hybrid owner's manual: Maintenance data (A25A-FXS specifications) — Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. (owner publications)
New Toyota Highlander Turbocharged Engine Offers More Torque and Fewer Emissions — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2021 Toyota Sienna Hybrid 2WD, 2.5 L (fueleconomy.gov vehicle record) — U.S. EPA / DOE (fueleconomy.gov)
Performance and Design Highlight the All-New 2020 Toyota Corolla — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2022 Toyota Corolla Cross Makes U.S. Debut and Expands Corolla Lineup — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2023 Toyota Corolla Sedan Revs Up Power, Safety, Tech and Value (Oct. 18, 2022) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2.0-liter Dynamic Force Engine, a New 2.0-liter Direct-injection, Inline 4-cylinder Gasoline Engine — Toyota Motor Corporation (global.toyota)
Hatch is Back! All-New 2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
2022 Toyota Corolla Quick Reference Guide — Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. (owner publications)
2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback, 2.0 L (fueleconomy.gov vehicle record) — U.S. EPA / DOE (fueleconomy.gov)
Hybrid Reborn: 2023 Toyota Prius Revealed — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Revealed: First-Ever 2023 Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Electrified Trailblazer: The Toyota Prius Celebrates 25 Years in the U.S. (2026 Prius) — Toyota Motor North America (pressroom.toyota.com)
Toyota Announces New Powertrain Units Based on TNGA (Feb. 26, 2018) — Toyota Motor Corporation (global.toyota)
2023 Toyota Prius, 2.0 L (fueleconomy.gov vehicle record) — U.S. EPA / DOE (fueleconomy.gov)

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Independent reference compiled by CarWhere — not affiliated with or endorsed by Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Motor North America or any Toyota distributor. Toyota, TRD, i-FORCE MAX, Hybrid Synergy Drive and the model names are trademarks of their owners.